In any case, the changeover was gradual and by 330, when Constantine inaugurated his new capital, the process of further Hellenization and increasing Christianization was already under way. 620) when Greek was made the official language and the Empire's conflicts turned largely to the east. Others again point to the reorganisation of the empire in the time of Heraclius (ca. Others place it yet further in 476, when the last western emperor, Romulus Augustus, was forced to abdicate, thus leaving sole imperial authority to the emperor in the Greek East. Others start it during the reign of Theodosius I (379–395) and Christendom's victory over pagan Roman religion, or, following his death in 395, with the permanent division of the empire into western and eastern halves. Some consider Constantine I the first Byzantine emperor. Some place it during the reign of Emperor Diocletian, (284–305) who introduced administrative reforms that divided the empire into a pars Orientis (eastern half) and a pars Occidentis (western half). There is no consensus on the exact point when the Byzantine period began.
During much of its history it was known to many of its Western contemporaries as The Empire of the Greeks due to the increasing dominance of its Greek population and distinct culture. To its inhabitants, the Empire was simply the Roman Empire and its emperors continued the unbroken succession of Roman emperors. In certain specific contexts, usually referring to the time before the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it is also often referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire. The Byzantine Empire ( Greek name: Βασιλεία τῶν Ρωμαίων - Basileia tōn Romaiōn) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered around its capital of Constantinople. Traditionally considered the establishment of Constantinople as capital of the Roman Empire May 11, 330 ADįall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire on AD 34 million at its foundation in the 4th century
(Greek: "King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers")Ĭa. Territories highlighted violet conquered during the reign of Justinian I. (The Imperial emblem of the double-headed eagle)īyzantine Empire at its greatest extent c.
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